소개
1 범위
+2 적합성
1. 2.1 예시 Normative Optional 절 제목
2. 2.2 예시 Legacy 절 제목
3. 2.3 예시 Legacy Normative Optional 절 제목
3 규범 참조
+4 개요
1. 4.1 Web Scripting
2. 4.2 Hosts와 Implementations
3. +4.3 ECMAScript 개요
  1. 4.3.1 Objects
  2. 4.3.2 ECMAScript의 Strict Variant
4. +4.4 용어와 정의
5. 4.5 이 명세의 구성
+5 표기 관례
1. +5.1 Syntactic and Lexical Grammars
2. +5.2 Algorithm Conventions
+6 ECMAScript 데이터 타입과 값
1. +6.1 ECMAScript Language Types
2. +6.2 ECMAScript Specification Types
+7 Abstract Operations
1. +7.1 Type Conversion
2. +7.2 Testing and Comparison Operations
3. +7.3 Operations on Objects
4. +7.4 Iterator Objects에 대한 Operations
5. +7.5 Disposable 객체에 대한 연산
+8 Syntax-Directed Operations
1. 8.1 RS: Evaluation
2. +8.2 Scope Analysis
3. +8.3 Labels
4. +8.4 Function Name Inference
5. +8.5 Contains
  1. 8.5.1 SS: Contains
  2. 8.5.2 SS: ComputedPropertyContains
6. +8.6 Miscellaneous
+9 Executable Code and Execution Contexts
1. +9.1 Environment Records
  1. +9.1.1 The Environment Record Type Hierarchy
  2. +9.1.2 Environment Record Operations
2. +9.2 PrivateEnvironment Records
  1. +9.2.1 PrivateEnvironment Record Operations
    1. 9.2.1.1 NewPrivateEnvironment ( outerPrivateEnv )
    2. 9.2.1.2 ResolvePrivateIdentifier ( privateEnv, identifier )
3. +9.3 Realms
4. +9.4 Execution Contexts
5. +9.5 Jobs and Host Operations to Enqueue Jobs
6. +9.6 Agents
7. 9.7 Agent Clusters
8. 9.8 Forward Progress
9. +9.9 Processing Model of WeakRef and FinalizationRegistry Targets
10. 9.10 ClearKeptObjects ( )
11. 9.11 AddToKeptObjects ( value )
12. 9.12 CleanupFinalizationRegistry ( finalizationRegistry )
13. 9.13 CanBeHeldWeakly ( arg )
+10 Ordinary 및 Exotic Objects Behaviours
1. +10.1 Ordinary Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots
2. +10.2 ECMAScript Function Objects
3. +10.3 Built-in Function Objects
4. +10.4 Built-in Exotic Object Internal Methods and Slots
5. +10.5 Proxy Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots
+11 ECMAScript 언어: Source Text
1. +11.1 Source Text
2. +11.2 Source Code의 Types
+12 ECMAScript 언어: Lexical Grammar
1. 12.1 Unicode Format-Control Characters
2. 12.2 White Space
3. 12.3 Line Terminators
4. 12.4 Comments
5. 12.5 Hashbang Comments
6. 12.6 Tokens
7. +12.7 Names and Keywords
  1. +12.7.1 Identifier Names
  2. 12.7.2 Keywords and Reserved Words
8. 12.8 Punctuators
9. +12.9 Literals
10. +12.10 Automatic Semicolon Insertion
+13 ECMAScript 언어: Expressions
1. +13.1 Identifiers
2. +13.2 Primary Expression
3. +13.3 Left-Hand-Side Expressions
4. +13.4 Update Expressions
5. +13.5 Unary Operators
6. +13.6 Exponentiation Operator
  1. 13.6.1 RS: Evaluation
7. +13.7 Multiplicative Operators
  1. 13.7.1 RS: Evaluation
8. +13.8 Additive Operators
  1. +13.8.1 Addition Operator ( + )
    1. 13.8.1.1 RS: Evaluation
  2. +13.8.2 Subtraction Operator ( - )
    1. 13.8.2.1 RS: Evaluation
9. +13.9 Bitwise Shift Operators
10. +13.10 Relational Operators
  1. 13.10.1 RS: Evaluation
  2. 13.10.2 InstanceofOperator ( value, target )
11. +13.11 Equality Operators
  1. 13.11.1 RS: Evaluation
12. +13.12 Binary Bitwise Operators
  1. 13.12.1 RS: Evaluation
13. +13.13 Binary Logical Operators
  1. 13.13.1 RS: Evaluation
14. +13.14 Conditional Operator ( ? : )
  1. 13.14.1 RS: Evaluation
15. +13.15 Assignment Operators
16. +13.16 Comma Operator ( , )
  1. 13.16.1 RS: Evaluation
+14 ECMAScript 언어: Statements and Declarations
1. +14.1 Statement Semantics
  1. 14.1.1 RS: Evaluation
2. +14.2 Block
3. +14.3 Declarations and the Variable Statement
4. +14.4 Empty Statement
  1. 14.4.1 RS: Evaluation
5. +14.5 Expression Statement
  1. 14.5.1 RS: Evaluation
6. +14.6 if Statement
  1. 14.6.1 SS: Early Errors
  2. 14.6.2 RS: Evaluation
7. +14.7 Iteration Statements
8. +14.8 continue Statement
  1. 14.8.1 SS: Early Errors
  2. 14.8.2 RS: Evaluation
9. +14.9 break Statement
  1. 14.9.1 SS: Early Errors
  2. 14.9.2 RS: Evaluation
10. +14.10 return Statement
  1. 14.10.1 RS: Evaluation
11. +14.11 with Statement
  1. 14.11.1 SS: Early Errors
  2. 14.11.2 RS: Evaluation
12. +14.12 switch Statement
13. +14.13 Labelled Statements
14. +14.14 throw Statement
  1. 14.14.1 RS: Evaluation
15. +14.15 try Statement
16. +14.16 debugger Statement
  1. 14.16.1 RS: Evaluation
+15 ECMAScript 언어: Functions and Classes
1. +15.1 Parameter Lists
2. +15.2 Function Definitions
3. +15.3 Arrow Function Definitions
4. +15.4 Method Definitions
5. +15.5 Generator Function Definitions
6. +15.6 Async Generator Function Definitions
7. +15.7 Class Definitions
8. +15.8 Async Function Definitions
9. +15.9 Async Arrow Function Definitions
10. +15.10 Tail Position Calls
+16 ECMAScript 언어: Scripts and Modules
1. +16.1 Scripts
2. +16.2 Modules
+17 Error Handling and Language Extensions
1. 17.1 Forbidden Extensions
18 ECMAScript Standard Built-in Objects
+19 The Global Object
1. +19.1 Value Properties of the Global Object
2. +19.2 Function Properties of the Global Object
3. +19.3 Constructor Properties of the Global Object
4. +19.4 Other Properties of the Global Object
+20 Fundamental Objects
1. +20.1 Object Objects
2. +20.2 Function Objects
3. +20.3 Boolean Objects
4. +20.4 Symbol Objects
5. +20.5 Error Objects
+21 Numbers and Dates
1. +21.1 Number Objects
2. +21.2 BigInt Objects
3. +21.3 The Math Object
  1. +21.3.1 Value Properties of the Math Object
  2. +21.3.2 Function Properties of the Math Object
4. +21.4 Date Objects
+22 Text Processing
1. +22.1 String Objects
2. +22.2 RegExp (Regular Expression) Objects
+23 Indexed Collections
1. +23.1 Array Objects
2. +23.2 TypedArray Objects
3. +23.3 Uint8Array Objects
+24 Keyed Collections
1. +24.1 Map Objects
2. +24.2 Set Objects
3. +24.3 WeakMap Objects
4. +24.4 WeakSet Objects
5. +24.5 Abstract Operations for Keyed Collections
  1. 24.5.1 CanonicalizeKeyedCollectionKey ( key )
+25 구조화된 데이터
1. +25.1 ArrayBuffer 객체
2. +25.2 SharedArrayBuffer 객체
3. +25.3 DataView 객체
4. +25.4 Atomics 객체
5. +25.5 JSON 객체
+26 메모리 관리
1. +26.1 WeakRef 객체
2. +26.2 FinalizationRegistry 객체
+27 제어 추상화 객체
1. +27.1 반복
2. +27.2 리소스 관리
  1. +27.2.1 공통 리소스 관리 인터페이스
    1. 27.2.1.1 Disposable 인터페이스
    2. 27.2.1.2 AsyncDisposable 인터페이스
3. +27.3 DisposableStack 객체
4. +27.4 AsyncDisposableStack 객체
5. +27.5 Promise 객체
6. +27.6 GeneratorFunction 객체
7. +27.7 AsyncGeneratorFunction 객체
8. +27.8 Generator 객체
9. +27.9 AsyncGenerator 객체
10. +27.10 AsyncFunction 객체
+28 Reflection
1. +28.1 Reflect 객체
2. +28.2 Proxy 객체
  1. +28.2.1 Proxy Constructor
    1. 28.2.1.1 Proxy ( target, handler )
  2. +28.2.2 Proxy Constructor의 Properties
    1. 28.2.2.1 Proxy.revocable ( target, handler )
3. +28.3 Module Namespace 객체
  1. 28.3.1 %Symbol.toStringTag%
+29 Memory Model
1. 29.1 Memory Model Fundamentals
2. 29.2 Agent Events Records
3. 29.3 Chosen Value Records
4. 29.4 Candidate Executions
5. +29.5 Memory Model의 Abstract Operations
6. +29.6 Candidate Executions의 Relations
7. +29.7 Valid Executions의 Properties
8. 29.8 Races
9. 29.9 Data Races
10. 29.10 Data Race Freedom
11. 29.11 Shared Memory Guidelines
+Annex A (informative) 문법 요약
1. A.1 어휘 문법
2. A.2 표현식
3. A.3 문
4. A.4 함수와 클래스
5. A.5 스크립트와 모듈
6. A.6 Number 변환
7. A.7 Time Zone Offset String 형식
8. A.8 정규 표현식
+Annex B (normative) 웹 브라우저를 위한 추가 ECMAScript 기능
1. +B.1 추가 구문
  1. B.1.1 HTML-like Comments
  2. +B.1.2 Regular Expressions Patterns
2. +B.2 추가 Built-in Properties
3. +B.3 기타 추가 기능
Annex C (informative) ECMAScript의 Strict Mode
+Annex D (informative) Host Layering Points
1. D.1 Host Hooks
2. D.2 Host-defined Fields
3. D.3 Host-defined Objects
4. D.4 Running Jobs
5. D.5 Exotic Objects의 Internal Methods
6. D.6 Built-in Objects and Methods
Annex E (informative) Possible Compatibility Impact가 있는 ECMAScript 2015의 Corrections and Clarifications
Annex F (informative) Prior Editions와 Incompatibilities를 Introduce하는 Additions and Changes
Bibliography
Colophon
Copyright & Software License

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Annex C (informative) ECMAScript의 Strict Mode

strict mode restriction과 exceptions

implements, interface, let, package, private, protected, public, static, 및 yield는 strict mode code 내에서 reserved words입니다. (12.7.2).
conforming implementation은 strict mode code를 processing할 때 productions NumericLiteral :: LegacyOctalIntegerLiteral 및 DecimalIntegerLiteral :: NonOctalDecimalIntegerLiteral 의 instances를 disallow해야 합니다.
conforming implementation은 strict mode code를 processing할 때 productions EscapeSequence :: LegacyOctalEscapeSequence 및 EscapeSequence :: NonOctalDecimalEscapeSequence 의 instances를 disallow해야 합니다.
undeclared identifier나 otherwise unresolvable reference에 대한 Assignment는 global object에 property를 create하지 않습니다. simple assignment가 strict mode code 내에서 occurs할 때, 그 LeftHandSideExpression은 unresolvable Reference로 evaluate되어서는 안 됩니다. 그렇다면 ReferenceError exception이 thrown됩니다(6.2.5.6). LeftHandSideExpression은 또한 attribute value { [[Writable]]: false }를 가진 data property에 대한 reference, attribute value { [[Set]]: undefined }를 가진 accessor property에 대한 reference, 또는 [[Extensible]] internal slot이 false인 object의 non-existent property에 대한 reference일 수도 없습니다. 이러한 경우에는 TypeError exception이 thrown됩니다(13.15).
StringValue "eval" 또는 "arguments"를 가진 IdentifierReference는 Assignment operator (13.15)의 LeftHandSideExpression이나 UpdateExpression (13.4)으로, 또는 Prefix Increment (13.4.4)나 Prefix Decrement (13.4.5) operator가 operated upon하는 UnaryExpression으로 나타날 수 없습니다.
strict functions에 대한 Arguments objects는 access 시 TypeError exception을 throw하는 non-configurable accessor property "callee"를 define합니다(10.4.4.6).
strict functions에 대한 Arguments objects는 자신의 array-indexed property values를 their functions의 corresponding formal parameter bindings와 dynamically share하지 않습니다. (10.4.4).
strict functions의 경우, arguments object가 created되면 local identifier arguments의 arguments object에 대한 binding은 immutable이므로 assignment expression의 target이 될 수 없습니다. (10.2.11).
strict mode code 내에서 BindingIdentifier의 StringValue가 "eval" 또는 "arguments"이면 SyntaxError입니다(13.1.1).
Strict mode eval code는 caller to eval의 variable environment에서 variables나 functions를 instantiate할 수 없습니다. 대신 새로운 variable environment가 created되고 그 environment가 eval code의 declaration binding instantiation에 사용됩니다(19.2.1).
strict mode code 내에서 this가 evaluated되면, this value는 object로 coerced되지 않습니다. undefined 또는 null인 this value는 global object로 converted되지 않으며 primitive values는 wrapper objects로 converted되지 않습니다. function call을 통해 passed된 this value(Function.prototype.apply 및 Function.prototype.call을 사용해 이루어진 calls 포함)는 passed this value를 object로 coerce하지 않습니다(10.2.1.2, 20.2.3.1, 20.2.3.3).
delete operator가 strict mode code 내에서 occurs할 때, 그 UnaryExpression이 variable, function argument, 또는 function name에 대한 direct reference이면 SyntaxError가 thrown됩니다(13.5.1.1).
delete operator가 strict mode code 내에서 occurs할 때, deleted될 property가 attribute { [[Configurable]]: false }를 가지거나 otherwise deleted될 수 없으면 TypeError가 thrown됩니다(13.5.1.2).
Strict mode code는 WithStatement를 포함할 수 없습니다. 그러한 context에서 WithStatement의 occurrence는 SyntaxError입니다(14.11.1).
CatchParameter가 strict mode code 내에서 occurs하고 CatchParameter의 BoundNames가 eval 또는 arguments를 포함하면 SyntaxError입니다(14.15.1).
동일한 BindingIdentifier가 strict function의 FormalParameters에 둘 이상 appears하면 SyntaxError입니다. Function, Generator, 또는 AsyncFunction constructor를 사용해 그러한 function을 create하려는 attempt는 SyntaxError입니다(15.2.1, 20.2.1.1.1).
implementation은 function instances의 "caller" 또는 "arguments"라는 이름의 properties에 대해 strict functions 내의 meanings를 이 specification에서 defined된 것 이상으로 extend해서는 안 됩니다.